LCR、PVI与IVCrvi目标导向液体治疗对单肺通气老年全腔镜食管癌根治术患者血流动力学的影响

目的分析乳酸清除率(LCR)、脉搏变异指数(PVI)与下腔静脉内径呼吸变异指数(IVCrvi)液体治疗对单肺通气老年全腔镜食管癌根治术患者血流动力学的影响。方法将拟行单肺通气全腔镜食管癌根治术的106例老年食管癌患者随机均分为对照组和观察组。对照组术中给予常规液体治疗,观察组术中给予以LCR、PVI与IVCrvi为目标导向的液体治疗。比较两组术前(T0)、单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气15 min(T2)、单肺通气1 h(T3)及单肺通气结束时(T4)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、每搏输出量变异度(SVV)和心脏指数(CI)。比较两组液体出入量及药物应用情况。同时记录术前和术后肺功能参数。结果两组各时间点HR比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),观察组T2~T4时间点MAP、CI和SVV、LCR高于对照组,CVP、PVI、IVCrvi低于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组单肺通气时间、晶体液用量、总输液量、尿量、出血量及使用去氧肾上腺素占比低于对照组,胶体液用量高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组术后第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论以LCR、PVI与IVCrvi为目标导向的液体治疗可稳定单肺通气老年患者全腔镜食管癌根治术患者的血流动力学。     

2 μm激光整块切除与电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床分析

目的:比较2 μm激光整块切除与电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2015年4月-2017年4月分别采用经尿道2微米激光整块切除(50例)和经尿道电切(48例)治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者临床随访资料。结果:所有患者手术均顺利完成，激光组与电切组患者手术时间相当，两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，激光组患者留置尿管、膀胱冲洗及住院时间均少于电切组，比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；激光组患者并发症发生率、一年复发率及术区复发率低于电切组，两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)；激光组术后病理含肌层率高于电切组，两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经尿道2微米激光整块切除治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌是一种安全、有效的治疗方式且术后肿瘤分期精确、减少肿瘤残留，是治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌较好的手术治疗选择，值得临床上推广应用。     

肝内胆管癌多学科综合治疗优化选择

肝内胆管癌（ICC）作为第二常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤，虽然R0根治性切除是首选的可治愈方法，但ICC诊断时仅12%～40%病人可获得手术根治的机会，手术后5年存活率也仅为25%～40%。通过辅助化疗和区域治疗降期后可使部分晚期ICC病人获得行根治性手术或肝移植的机会。靶向药物和免疫治疗作为有益的补充，对于有基因突变作用靶点的选择性病人可能会延长生存期。以肝胆外科为主，包含影像科、病理科、肿瘤化疗科、放疗科和介入科的多学科诊疗团队，通过多学科讨论模式，结合病人具体病情，采取个体化、综合化的治疗手段，才能使ICC病人获得最优化的治疗选择。     

四君子汤合四磨汤加减治疗出口梗阻型便秘吻合器经肛门直肠切除术后的临床疗效

目的:观察四君子汤合四磨汤加减治疗出口梗阻型便秘(OOC)吻合器经肛门直肠切除术后(STARR)的临床疗效。方法:124例患者随机按数字表法分为对照组和观察组各62例。对照组术后给予芪蓉润肠口服液,20 mL/次/,3次/d;观察组术后给予四君子汤合四磨汤加减内服,1剂/d。两组疗程均连续治疗4周,并进行8周随访。分别于手术前、治疗后2周,4周、随访8周进行便秘主要症状评分和Longo ODS评分;于手术前和治疗后4周,进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),丙二醛(MDA)和便秘患者生存质量自评量表(PAC-QOL)评价,并进行肛门直肠测压,记录肛管静息压(ARP),肛管最大收缩压(MSP),直肠排便压力(RSP),初始感觉阈值(FSV),排便感觉阈值(CRS)和最大耐受容量(MTV)等指标;随访记录并发症发生率、复发率和排便正常率;术后4周进行满意度评价和安全性评价。结果:治疗后4周,观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组(Z=2.096,P0.05);治疗后2周,4周和随访8周,观察组便秘主要症状积分和Longo ODS评分均低于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者ARP,FSV,FSV,CRS均低于对照组(P0.01),MSP和RSP均高于对照组(P0.01);观察组并发症发生率、复发率分别为20.97%(13/62)和4.84%(3/62),分别低于对照组的39.71%(24/62)和16.13%(10/62)(P0.05);观察组排便正常率为91.94%(57/62),高于对照组的80.65%(50/62),组间差异无统计学意义;观察组PAC-QOL总分和各因子评分均低于对照组(P0.01);观察组SOD水平高于对照组,MDA水平低于对照组(P0.01);未发现干预中药相关不良反应。结论:四君子汤合四磨汤加减用于出口梗阻型便秘STARR术后患者,可进一步减轻便秘症状和病情程度,提高生活质量,降低术后并发症发生率和复发率,并可改善肛门直肠动力学指标和氧化应激指标,提高临床疗效。     

Differences in surgical resection rate and risk of malignancy in thyroid cytopathology practice between Western and Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

There is increasing evidence showing that clinicians employ different management strategies in their use of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC). In this meta-analysis, we investigated the differences in diagnosis frequency, resection rate (RR), and risk of malignancy (ROM) between Western (ie, American and European) and Asian cytopathology practices. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from January 2010 to January 2019. Proportion and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effect model. We used independent sample t tests to compare frequencies, RR, and ROM between Western and Asian practices. We analyzed a total of 38 studies with 145,066 fine-needle aspirations. Compared with Asian practice, Western series had a significantly lower ROM in most of TBSRTC categories, whereas the RR was not statistically different. Focusing on indeterminate nodules, the RR in Western series was significantly higher (51.3% vs 37.6%; P = .048), whereas the ROM was significantly lower (25.4% vs 41.9%; P = .002) compared with those in Asian series. The addition of Asian cohorts increased ROM for most of diagnostic categories compared with the original TBSRTC. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a difference in Western and Asian thyroid cytology practice, especially regarding the indeterminate categories. Lower RR and higher ROM suggest that Asian clinicians adopt a more conservative approach, whereas immediate diagnostic surgery is favored in Western practice for indeterminate nodules. The addition of Asian series into a meta-analysis of TBSRTC altered ROM for several categories, which should be considered in future revisions of TBSRTC.     

低位直肠癌保功能手术的相关问题

外科手术是治疗直肠癌的基础,尤其是对于低位直肠癌,在追求远期肿瘤学疗效的同时,如何更好地兼顾患者术后生命质量,保留正常生理功能,一直是业界关注的重要问题。近年来,随着对直肠癌病理学与分子病理学理解的深入、多学科综合诊断与治疗策略的优化与发展、全直肠系膜切除术和保留盆腔自主神经等手术技术和治疗理念的引入,以及技术设备与外科手术方式的持续创新,低位直肠癌保功能手术得到不断完善与持续发展。直肠癌外科领域未来的发展方向无疑将更多地体现在功能的保留与保护等方面。对于低位直肠癌患者,在保证肿瘤根治前提下如何最大限度地保留功能,有赖于精准选择以循证医学证据为基础的治疗策略和精细地施行个体化的保肛手术。     

Ultra-Low Anterior Resection with Coloanal Anastomosis for Recurrent Rectal Prolapse in a Young Woman with Colitis Cystica Profunda

This case demonstrates the successful treatment of a young female patient with colitis cystica profunda causing rectal prolapse, after primary treatment with a Delorme procedure had failed. An ultra-low anterior resection with a temporary defunctioning ileostomy was carried out with good postoperative results. This case illustrates the possibility of carrying out sphincter preserving surgery rather than an abdominoperineal resection in the treatment of this condition, which may be preferable for patients.